Rational Argument

Question: Choose one of the media articles or case studies listed by the lecturer in Interact. Use the title of the article/case study provided in interact as the title of your essay, so that the lecturer knows which article you are analysing. Undertake further research about your chosen case, to assist you in analysing and discussing it in your essay. Answer: Introduction Information and information resources system should be restricted. To restrict information system a main key element is to secure se information system. This process is controlled with the help of high security concepts. An information system is a process where the major and important informations are transferring from one user to another user. During this transmission time both the user do not want to share this data with third party. So they must maintain a proper communication path by which their information is secured and reliable (Trajkovik Mishev, 2014). There are so many information data which need not to secure as they are not reliable or important. Now a days Security is essential for ICT management system. Several threats and viruses are avoided with the help of the security policies. Security also refers a confidential process for an ICT organization where the important informations are transferred from one system organization to another system organization. The confident ially is a process, by which an information is released only to the authorized parties. Information system needs to be secured during the transmission time in between two systems. An ICT security is process which guides small network securities during a proper data transmission from one system to another system. Finally an ICT security is a critical consideration which maintains the major activities during proper information sharing among two communication systems. Step 1 Security is essential for ICT communication system, which provide a safe data transmission Security is the main challenge faced by organizational information system A security policy generally explains the main mechanism of a security system for a safe data transmission The security of an encryption process is guaranteed by secret keys and never by algorithm keys Cyber crime is a major crime that involves computer network due to poor network security Step 2 Security is a major problem to ICT information system during their data transmission. ICT is the main communication provider which provides important data and information from one channel to another channel. To process this system ICT maintain some protocol to transfer information among their main servers (Rhee, 2003). As communication path is the main transaction path for ICT system so each and every system must provide some data or information which is required during a transmission process. This information system should provide a protection key that the third part cannot able to trace the communication path. So ICT communication system must provide a safe and successful data transmission over internet system by maintain the major security protocols. With the help of these protocols communication system can provide a safe data transmission among their entire system. From the above argument it can be concluded that Security system is the main key which provides a safe transaction p rocess for an ICT communication system. In an organization to process a successful information transaction security is the main challenge faced by the particular organization (Quigley, 2011). In an organizational information system the information structure is the key element for the organization. Human factors are the basic requirements for an information process to make the main communication path among their entire servers. With the help of the human factors the security culture of an information system can be significantly enhanced. The organizational informational structure is totally based on public network or internet system. So security is an essential issue for an organizational information system. To process a safe data transmission some security policies are maintained which cover up the entire security mechanism. Encryption is a process to transform data or information from source to destination (Oppliger, 1998). During this process the third party cannot access data or information. Authentication is a security mechanism which is necessary to check about clients authorization to perform the particular action. This process is used to verify the client and server information or authentication with their basic requirements to perform the particular transmission. So encryption and authentication is the main security mechanism to transform data from one system to another system. Auditing is a server toll to trace the clients address against the security threats. With the help of auditing process all threats of server protocol can be avoided during a successful data transmission. So finally it can be concluded that security policy causes a safe data transmission process (Kocarev, 2012). In an encryption process secret key is the main element to protect the entire encryption process. Encryption among two servers refers the entire data transmission process among them without any overlapping or interference. During an encryption process cryptography is the main algorithm to manage the entire process. So to process a safe and secure data transmission encryption is the main secret key to cover up the security policy. The algorithms are not responsible for a secure encryption. Secret key is the main intermediate term to process a secure encryption (Jahankhani, 2010). Now a days cyber crime is a major crime which involves computers information and the entire network due to poor network security. Generally cyber crime can be protected with the help of strong network security policy (Faber Behnsen, 2013). Network security is an essential part to prevent the entire cyber crime. During an online transmission data are not secure due to poor network, which may cause a hacking process in the network. By managing a strong network it can defend the hacking process. So the network security can prevent the entire cyber crime by maintaining a strong network authentication. Conclusion ICT represent a security management process which describes the risk factors of the entire network management system over the internet system. The report concludes that ICT security system is co operating the policy development process including a strong network authentication. Information sharing will also enhance a critical thinking of the organization including critical infrastructure to prevent the major cyber threats. Public Private Corporation is attached with ICT to secure their network by maintaining their flexibility and rapid information sharing. Encryption is the major security process to enable the security policy during an online data transfer from one channel to another channel (Dunsmore, Brown, Cross Cunningham, 2001). Recommendation To process a safe and secure data transmission among the entire ICT servers the cryptography must maintain some protocol which control entire risk management of the system. The ICT revolutions are driven from global environment to enhance their security policy by maintain a strong network security. Some software is used to secure this network to maintain a successful supply chain. The information is secured with a server key during the data transmission that no other party can access this information. After a successful transaction of data transfer the source and destination can able to retransmit the entire pro0cess without any overlapping or interferences. ICT should develop their web application by organizing a strong secure policy which co-operates the flexibility of information sharing. The operating system should be strong to keep the original data during the communication path from source to desti9nation by providing a strong security mechanism (Chapman Zwicky, 1995) References Chapman, D., Zwicky, E. (1995).Building Internet firewalls. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Associates. Dunsmore, B., Brown, J., Cross, M., Cunningham, S. (2001).Mission critical!. Rockland, MA: Syngress. Faber, E., Behnsen, W. (2013).Secure ICT service provisioning for cloud, mobile and beyond. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg. Jahankhani, H. (2010).Handbook of electronic security and digital forensics. New Jersey: World Scientific. Kocarev, L. (2012).ICT Innovations 2011. Berlin: Springer. Oppliger, R. (1998).Internet and Intranet security. Boston: Artech House. Quigley, M. (2011).ICT ethics and security in the 21st century. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Rhee, M. (2003).Internet security. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley. Trajkovik, V., Mishev, A. (2014).ICT innovations 2013. Cham: Springer.

Tort of Negligence The Given Circumstances

Question: Describe about the Tort of Negligence for The Given Circumstances. Answer: A. Parties The parties to this case are Tahir as the plaintiff and Helen / Kim as the defendants. Facts of the case The facts, which have given rise to problems with respect to this case, are Jim is a owner of the used care business Helen has been appointed by Jim as an expert on used car to provide appropriate advice about the value and conditions of the used cars to Jim. Jim had bought a vintage car 196 Bentley S2 model on the advice of Helen form an auction Tahir had offered to purchase the car from Jim Jim had informed Tahir that he was not an expert on used vintage cars Jim had informed Tahir that he believed that the car would make a profit of 10000 after minor repair based on Helen report, which stated confidential to the addressee only. It was later discover by Tahir after the purchase , that the car is in significant bad shape and is will not be able to make a profit immediately Legal issue Whether Helen/Jim are liable for the tort of negligent misstatement or not Relevant laws Negligent misstatement: To determine whether the person has made negligent misstatement on not few tests are applied. Fault: there has to be evidence, which shows that the person had negligently or intentionally committed a tortuous Act (Graham 2015) Actual damage: the plaintiff has the burden of proof with respect to the damages or loss suffered by them because of the tortuous act, which took place (West 2015). Duty of care: a individual must have a duty of care towards another person to be held accountable for the tort of negligence. By duty of care, it is means appropriate care, which a reasonable man would have taken in the same, circumstances (Michaud 2013). Breach of duty of care: the individual who had the duty of care towards another had actually breached such duty of care with respect to the other individual. Further, such breach of duty has resulted in loss or damage to the other individual (Van Dam 2013). Remoteness: whether the person who has committed the wrongful act could reasonably foresee the damages, which have been caused because of his actions (Goudkamp 2016) In the case of SHADDOCK ASSOCIATES PTY LTD V PARRAMATTA CITY COUNCIL [1981] HCA 59; 150 CLR 225 with respect to negligent misstatements the court provided with points of test to determine special relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant (Seiner 2014). It has been realized by the defendant that the plaintiff has sought for their professional skills and based on their advice the plaintiff had made a decision which have caused damage or losses to him The information, which has been exchanged by the parties, is related to serious business transactions. It has also been realized by the defendant that it would be reasonable for the plaintiff to rely of the information provided by him, in certain circumstance (Keating 2015). Application: Applying the elements of the tort of negligent misstatement to this case: Duty of care: In the given circunstances, it can clearly be identified that Helen owed a duty of care towards Jim and Tahir with respect to the information provided by her about the old car. As she was an expert on old cars and had been appointed by Jim to give him appropriate advice based on which he purchased or sold the cars. As the car was sold by, Jim to Tahir based on the information provided by Helen, she is automatically owns of duty of care towards Tahir as well. Breach of Duty: In this case the duty of care which was owed by Helen towards both Tahir and Jim with respect to the information provided by her about the old car has been breached, as the information was not correct. Jim based on the wrongful information provided by Helen, sold the car to Tahir and breached the duty of care he owed to his him. It is irrelevant in this case; that the report was subjected to Jim only because Helen had the knowledge that it would be used by him to sell the car Damages: The wrongful information provided by Helen has caused loss to Jim as he had purchased the car with defects. Further loss had been caused to Tahir as he purchased the defective car from Jim, which had no prospect of making immediate profit. Remoteness: it is appropriate in this case with respect to a reasonable man, that the wrong information provided by the expert could have caused losses to the persons who will purchase the car. Conclusion: Jim is liable to be sued by Tahir for negligent misstatement. However Jim can claim such damages from Helen . B. Parties: The parties to this case are Darius who is the plaintiff and Selina who is the defendant: Relevant facts of the case: Selina was a close friend of Darius Selina was asked by Darius to locate a used car which is not crash repaired Selina had a little experience about used cars but she was not a mechanic. Selina had urged Darius to by a second had VW golf car, which was sold by Jim for $5000, as she liked the car very much. Selina had the knowledge that the car had been repaired as the bonnet appeared to be straightened to her when she inspected the car, but she still referred the car to Darius stating that the car was in a very good condition, and even though she did not know Jim assured Darius that Jim would not cheat her. Darius after buying the car on Selinas had discovered that the car had been previously written off, repaired in a very bad way, was in a very bad shape, and is worthless Issue: Whether Selina is liable for the tort of Negligent misstatement against Darius or not Relevant laws To constitute a case of negligent misstatement there has to be information provided by a person relying on which the other party does an act and ultimately suffer loss or damages. In the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, the court provided that to determine whether the tort of negligence has been committed on not there has to be fore elements which as to be looked into (Keating 2014): The defendant must owe a duty of care to the plaintiff; such duty does not have to be a contractual relation or a legal obligation. The duty of care that the defendant owes to the plaintiff had been intentionally or negligently breached by the defendant. The breach in the duty of care, which has been committed by the defendant, has caused loss or damages to the plaintiff. The defendant could foresee that extent of the damages resulting from the act committed by him. In the case of Hedley Byrne Co v Heller[1963] 3 WLR 101 the court provided that the defendant does not own a duty of care towards the plaintiff if he has suffered a pure economic loss. However if the loss have been caused because of a negligent misstatement made by the defendant than the defendant is liable for the losses suffered him (Sperino 2014). Application: Duty of care: In this case, Selina did not have any legal duty of care with respect to Darius, as she was not a professional mechanic and had only little experience with respect to second hand cares. The tort of negligence does not concern the type of duty, which is present between the parties, it considers whether the duty of care is present or not. In this case, it was the moral obligation of Selina to provide Darius with the knowledge to the best of her abilities with respect to the car bought by him. Thus, a duty of care exists between them (Zipursky 2015). Breach of duty of care: Selina had breached the duty of care and not provided Darius with the knowledge to the best of her abilities with respect to the car bough by him. She had seen the car had been badly repaired while she was inspecting the care and solely because she liked the car, she had urged Darius to buy it. Damages: the information provided by Selina had made Darius purchased the car and subsequently he has discovered that the car was a crashed repair car, which had been written off and was worthless. Remoteness: If the rule of remoteness is applied, in this case it could be determined that any reasonable man would assume in these circumstances that the information provided by Selina could result in the loss suffered by Darius. C. Parties: In this case, the plaintiff is Freya and the defendant is Jim. Relevant Facts: Freya is a mechanic who has been employed by Jim She had been injured in the course of employment while hammering a bolt, which was rusty beneath the vehicle. The injury had caused a permanent injury to her only eye and resulted in permanent blindness. Jim has not provided Freya while in the course of employment with basic safety material like Safety Goggles. Issue: The issue in this case is that whether Freya has claim of negligence against her employer Jim or not. Relevant laws As dissuaded earlier in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, there are four main elements, which constitutes the tort of negligence. These elements are Duty of Care, Breach of Duty of Care, Damages, Remoteness of the Damages caused (Blom 2016). The employer has a duty of care with respect to their employee with respect to providing safe working environments along with appropriate safety materials, which are essential with respect to the job of the employees. This concept of was made wider with the provisions of the case of Anns v Merton London Borough Council[1978] A.C where the court gave a tests to determine the existence of the duty of care this test is called the two stage test or the Anns test. The test indentifies that whether there was a duty of care between the plaintiff and the defendant and why such duty between them is deemed to exist (Iacobucci and Trebilcock 2016). The four elements are widely explained by the following cases. Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman[1990] 2 AC 605 House of Lords provided the Capro test to determin the duty of care with respect to physical injuries (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis 2012) Vaughan v Menlove(1837) 3 Bing. N.C. 467 provided with the objective test to determine the breach of duty of care (Goudkamp and Ihuoma, 2016). Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[1969] 1 QB 428 provides the but for test for the purpose of determining the damages caused as a result of breach in duty of care (Eades 2015). The Wagon Mound no 1[1961] AC 388House of Lords provided the test of remoteness to determine the foresee ability of the defendant towards the injury (Barker et al 2015). Application: Duty of care: If the capro test is applied in the given circumstances, it can be concluded that Jim as the employer has a duty of care to provide Safety equipments to his employee Freya for the purpose of her job. Breach of duty of care: If the objective test is applied in, the given circumstances it is can be concluded that Jim had infringed the duty of Care he owed to Freya by not providing her the safety equipments with respect to her job. Damages: it can be determined by Appling the but for test in this case that Freya had suffered permanent damages to her eyes resulting in blindness because of the failure of the employer to provide her with appropriate safety materials for safely doing her job. Foresee ability: If the test of remoteness is applied, in this case any reasonable man could conclude that the damages faced by Freya are a direct result of the breach of duty of care by Jim. Conclusion: Freya is entitled to successfully claim negligence against Jim as gym as breach his duty of cares which has resulted in damages with respect to her eyes. References: Barker, K., Grantham, R. and Swain, W. eds., 2015.Law of Misstatements: 50 Years on from Hedley Byrne v Heller. Bloomsbury Publishing. Blom, J., 2016. Do We Really Need the Anns Test for Duty of Care in Negligence?.Alberta L. Rev.,53, pp.895-1031. Deakin, S.F., Johnston, A. and Markesinis, B.S., 2012.Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Eades, R.W., 2015.Torts Involving Personal Property(Vol. 1). Jury Instructions on Damages in Tort Actions. Geach, N., 2015.Law Express Question and Answer: Tort Law (QA revision guide). Pearson Higher Ed. Goudkamp, J. and Ihuoma, M., 2016. A Tour of the Tort of Negligence. Goudkamp, J., 2016. Reforming English Tort Law: Lessons from Australia.Damages and Compensation Culture: Comparative Essays, Forthcoming. Graham, J.C., 2015. Proof of Negligence.Florida Torts,1. Iacobucci, E.M. and Trebilcock, M.J., 2016. An economic analysis of waiver of tort in negligence actions.University of Toronto Law Journal,66(2), pp.173-196. Keating, G., 2014. Tort Liability as Compensation.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, p.208. Keating, G., 2015. Is Negligence Law Less Objective than We Think.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, p.137. Mendelson, D., 2014.The new law of torts. Oxford University Press. Michaud, H., 2013.Tort Law: Concepts and Applications. Pearson Higher Ed. Seiner, J., 2014. Title VII and Tort Law: A New Perspective.Jotwell: J. Things We Like, p.217. Sperino, S.F., 2014. Tort Label, The.Fla. L. Rev.,66, p.1051. Van Dam, C., 2013.European tort law. OUP Oxford. West, R.L., 2015. Gatsby and Tort.Available at SSRN. Zipursky, B.C., 2015. Reasonableness in and out of Negligence Law.University of Pennsylvania Law Review,163, p.2131.

Build the management

The First step is management dilemma, which is the relation to the environmental stimuli. A manager is interested in the highest output from the business. The second one is elimination of negative symptoms; this is exclusion of conditions that might deteriorate the business.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Build the management-research question hierarchy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A manager must make sure that all employees are satisfied, so that the organization is stable and adjusted. The third step is the correction of problems. This entails communication and cooperation within the company. As managers are in charge and can take a more global look at the business structure, they have to shape the culture and the inner, as well as outer relations with other workers and the public (Inquiring Minds Want to Know—Now!). The fourth part of the hierarchy is the choice that is made in the direction o f the opportunity. A careful consideration of the internal culture and environment are crucial in selecting the right course of action. In the fifth step the right questions and research are instrumental in finding out the company’s needs. In the sixth step the recommended course of action is based on the research findings. This is a personal orientation towards the workings of the company. A chance to try several positions within the organization could allow for a better choice of personnel, with a better set of skills (Jennings, 2010). This would create proper opportunity for people to find out own skills and a place in the company. Also, the basis of the structure will be complimented by employees knowing the trade and having a feeling of ownership and interest. Relevant ethical issues. Penton media is a concept taking its base primarily in general human ethics and applying those rules and guidelines in a business environment. Ethics itself is set of moral principles and laws that govern a just and civilized society (Bradburn 8). Business ethic refers to how people’s morals and fairness are used in agreements and decisions between companies and organizations worldwide. The main idea of business ethics is that it closely correlates with the laws of a society and the kindness of people who make it up and in order for the companies and organizations to flourish, ethics should be a guideline never dismissed from business. Penton media but more importantly the laws that are based on ethical behaviors are needed to regulate the actions of business to prevent illegal issues and chaos of anarchy. If a company is not limited in the way it earns its profits, the selfishness of the financial greed will cause to focus on making the most money the fastest without considering a sensitive balance between nature and ways that humans exploit it for personal gain. The research that was conducted received a response of 97.7 per cent, contacting the advertiseme nt at least once during the year (Inquiring Minds Want to Know—Now!). This made Penton media one of the competing corporations. The key goal of Penton media is to regulate the actions of corporations in relation to the surrounding natural environment, people and society’s laws and rules. Another reason why ethics is the right direction for any business is that honesty will be rewarded and the benefits gained from kindness will be much greater than those of lies and deceit (Bradburn, 2001).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Bradburn, R. (2001). Understanding Business Ethics, London: Thomson Learning. Inquiring Minds Want to Know—Now! (n.d.). Business Research Methods. 1-8. Jennings, M. (2010). Environment Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment, Connecticut: South-Western Cengage Learning. This case study on Build the management-research question hierarchy was written and submitted by user Madilynn Andrews to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An essay discussing to which extent economic change during 1789-1939 was a factor in the changing nature of anti-Semitism.

An essay discussing to which extent economic change during 1789-1939 was a factor in the changing nature of anti-Semitism. The modern industrial age brought along with it a whole new school of thought, thought based on science and rationality rather than the waning belief in religion. The social and economic revolution also saw Jews in a new light, one in which they were not merely thought of as Jews, in the religious sense, but viewed now as a people with their own particular inherited characteristics. For this reason hating Jews for their religious beliefs became outdated as a more modern and racially based Jew-hatred took its place.Jew-hatred, in its older form, saw short temporary violence towards Jews. This is stark in contrast to modern anti-Semitism which, with its racial ideology, brought a more structured and sustained attack on the Jewish race. The grounds for this were based on the developed belief by anti-Semites that Jews were "an unwanted intruder, arrogant, skilled and power hungry" (P. Pulzer). A number of political parties with anti-Semitic policies formed during this period highlighting the fact that this new form of Jew-hating had permanent, long-lasting convictions.Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semiti...Before Jewish emancipation Jews were forced to live in ghettoes, secluded from the rest of society. Violence against them was brutal but not permanent enough to produce a reconstruction of the Jewish position in society. As Jews became viewed as a race with undesirable enduring characteristics they became persecuted in a way that sought an permanent end to the Jewish influence in modern day life. This raised a number of potential solutions among anti-Semites that considered the elimination of the Jewish race.The cause of these changes in the nature of anti-Semitism can be related to the economic circumstances during this period; however this was not the only cause of this change. Other factors including the increased value of science, the growth of nationalistic ideas among European...

Brief response Michael Richards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brief response Michael Richards - Essay Example Being a performer with his long experience, he should have known that distractions may occur on such establishments without the motive of the patrons to intentionally create a disturbance. However, Richard reacted to the situation and showed unprofessional attitude during the 2006 November 17 incident at the Laugh Factory. Richard made an appearance on the David Letterman show and made a public apology to Kyle Doss and Frank McBride, another target of the outburst. However, the two did not accept the apology and filed a case against Richard. They felt that what Richard did was not sincere and was forced as a resort to save his career. This may be justifiable since the image created in the mind of the public was that Richard was a racist. With it being on record and with the patrons who witnessed the outburst, the statements he threw to the targets were generally addressed to the black American race and not specifically or individually addressed and it was made in public. Doing public apology on air is much more of an appeal to the audiences and viewers. Because if he is indeed sincere with his apologies, he should have approached and seek the forgiveness of Kyle and the target group in private before appearing on public to make amends to those black Americans who viewed and learned what he did. Richard may have denied that he’s a racist but his actions prove a different story. Just like a â€Å"slip of the tongue†, his opinion about blacks were revealed during his outburst. The way his mind works during that incident showed his low opinion of the black culture. If he indeed has compassion for black people, those offending words should have not left his mouth. Since he is not a dark-colored skin American, and the used the word â€Å"nigger†, he has a lot of explaining to do. As Wyann’s mentioned, their culture much have the right to use the

Cmplaint letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cmplaint letter - Essay Example I then went to my home country to start my process of applying for a graduate school scholarship from the government. In addition, my application to be a non-business degree student in Business school for one semester was approved. Moreover, I was planning to start my GMAT course as full student in Bridge English center as I waited for my official transcript and completion letter to get the scholarship considering the fact that my non-degree course as well as my GMAT course would be catered for. On 11 August 2010, I checked smart system and to my surprise , I learnt that I got an â€Å" I † in Organizational Design, MGMT 4370. This was because my instructor had no grade recorded for the three case studies. However, I had done all the three case studies, two of which she marked and gave back to me. In fact, I have them with me. As for the third case study, we were supposed to have completed and handed it in on the last day of the class, which I did. Unfortunately, I did not make my own copy – I just printed it and handed it in. Attached are all emails, the two case studies that she marked and the transcript. I am aware that she changed the grade later, but she did it so late that I lost the aforementioned opportunities. I now cannot get acceptance in graduate school next spring, owing to a fault that I never committed. I am extremely disappointed! I would greatly appreciate if you would kindly address this

Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Communication - Essay Example It cannot be forgotten that such restrictions are also placed in order to prevent the degradation of women and to discourage materialism. Furthermore, the rationale for these restrictions could be health reasons and to prevent politicians from misusing electoral advertising. Firstly, restrictions are put in place to prevent advertisers from misleading consumers. This means that advertisements are restricted from containing false statements, descriptions, illustrations or claims regarding material facts or characteristics. Furthermore, there are bodies that are charged with acting as a 'controller' to ensure that the restrictions are upheld. For example, the Advertising Standards Authority of the United Kingdom dealt with almost 1,200 cases regarding health, beauty, and slimming products in 2003 alone. This clearly indicates the number of cases regarding false claims will continue to increase if restrictions are not placed on the advertising of slimming products. As such, it is appare nt that restrictions are placed on advertisements in order to prevent advertisements from deluding consumers. Advertisements are also regulated to prevent the degradation of females. Often, the female is used as a mere sex symbol to entice and titillate the male into purchasing a product. Hence, restrictions are placed to control the extent to which a female is used and how she is used. If this is not done, it is likely that the image of the purer sex will be degraded as the people will lose the respect of them due to indecent advertising. In advertisements contained within fashion magazines such as the Vogue, there are at least 20 pictures focused directly on the barely covered breast or cleavage. Not only are these suggestions demeaning to women insinuating that they all just want to wear as little as they can get away with, but they are blatantly unrealistic. Thus, restrictions are placed on advertisements to prevent the extent of such degradation from escalating further. In addi tion to that, advertisements portray women as frivolous creatures that seemingly spend 99% of their time and space dwelling on beauty, sensuality, sex, health and attracting a man. One example is a lipstick advertisement for Revlon. The theme is one of "choices, choices, and choices", how will one ever be able to choose a shade of red that is just right, as if this is the biggest problem confronting a female in a day. Another example is an advertisement by Savvy, a jewelry company whose slogan is "Be Brilliant", depicting unclothed female bodies with an example of their jewelry draped on them. Not only does it remove the humanity in the picture, it gives the impression of women's brilliance radiating only from the stones that they must wear. This clearly impresses upon the public that women are no more than sex symbols. Therefore, such degradation and debasement of females must be kept in check through the various restrictions placed on advertisements. In addition, restrictions are placed on advertisements to discourage materialism.